Catalytic Converter Recycling
When they first appeared on cars in 1970s, catalytic converters helped reduce the emission of pollution significantly. Most of the modern cars have so-called three way converters, meaning that they reduce or convert to less toxic materials Carbon Monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides molecules emission. This is done by a chemical reaction inside the catalyst. However that left another problem, what do to with used converters. After expanding their life span, catalytic converters were posing a major environmental threat. But it was not until 1990s that several companies started major catalytic converter recycling business. Incentive for recycling of converters was not environment concern, but rather the profit that could be made from the process.
Catalytic converters contain various precious or highly expensive metals, like platinum, rhodium, palladium, nickel, manganese, cerium and copper which are used as active material inside the catalyst. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages when it comes to catalytic converter usage. Some of them are also illegal in some countries, like copper in the United States, since it produces dioxin when used in catalytic converter. All these materials are very valuable and can be sold at high prices, making catalytic converter recycling very lucrative venture. One of the problems these companies were facing is determining the value of each converter unit. Depending on the mileage, two same type nits, used in the same car model can have drastic difference in the amount of precious metals that can be recycled. That is why a process called gradation has been developed, in which specializes laboratories determine the approximate amount of valuable materials in each convertor, making it easy to determine the price of individual unit. From there, converter is being cut up to pieces, precious metals extracted and the rest is melted as a scrap metal. Not only the profit is being made, but a valuable service to the environment is also performed.